Mer. Feb 11th, 2026

Eroi Nazionali n.2

                                                               Manuel Rodrìguez Erdoìza (Cile)

Manuel Rodrìguez Erdoìza nasce a Santiago del Cile nel 1785, ed è considerato uno dei principali esponenti dell’indipendenza del Cile. Storicamente identifichiamo nel periodo di sua maggiore attività una delicatissima fase storica, denominata “Patria Vieja”, che intercorre tra la Prima Giunta del Governo cileno (nel 1810) ed il Disastro di Rancagua (nel 1814).

Contesto storico: Nel 1808 l’impero spagnolo, che stava allargando i suoi domini, vive in un crescente stato di profonda agitazione: Napoleone aveva invaso la Spagna e imprigionato re Ferdinando VII. Nel frattempo in Cile si insediò Carrasco, in qualità di nuovo governatore del paese. Uomo molto autoritario e diretto, suscitò in molti suoi concittadini un senso di rifiuto nei confronti dell’aristocrazia. Ben presto, però, egli dovette abdicare a favore di Napoleone, che proclamò re suo fratello Giuseppe Bonaparte. Nel frattempo, la Giunta Nazionale di governo rappresentava un importante tentativo di apportare cambiamenti al sistema politico cileno, ma essa era ancora ancorata dalla dipendenza nei confronti della corona spagnola. Juan Martinez de Rozas, leder della comunità dei creoli, indisse delle elezioni per scegliere il Congresso Nazionale. L’organo incaricato di amministrare la giustizia in nome del Re bloccò le elezioni, definendole antimonarchiche

Manuel Rodrìguez Erdoìza ottenne un incarico come ministro sotto il governo Carrera, e fu riconosciuto come uno dei principali attivisti dei “patriotas exaltados”, gruppo politico che richiedeva l’indipendenza della nazione. Nel periodo della Reconquista, furono apprezzate le sue abilità come soldato e spia, facendolo diventare simbolo della resistenza cilena, trasformandolo in una vera e propria leggenda popolare. Ottenne, inoltre, l’incarico di Director Supremo provvisorio a Santiago per evitare lo sbando della causa indipendentista. Il 5 aprile 1818 si combatté una battaglia a Maipù tra gli indipendentisti del Sud America ed i realisti spagnoli, dove i Cileni ebbero la meglio sotto il comando di Josè De San Martìn. Le gesta di questo scontro furono narrate dal poeta argentino Juan Cruz Varela nell’opera “A los valientes defensores de la libertad en la llanura de Maipo”. Dopo aver celebrato la vittoria, Erdoìza fu perseguitato dal ex director supremo Bernardo O’Higgins e morì a Tiltil.

Carmelo Galdieri, Francesco Maddaluno

By Editore

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