Mer. Nov 12th, 2025

Come mai ci ammaliamo d’inverno: Colpa del freddo oppure no?

L’inverno si sa non porta solo l’insorgenza del mal di gola, ma anche quella del raffreddore e della febbre. Insomma in inverno ci si ammala più facilmente rispetto le altre stagioni. Ma perché ci ammaliamo di più? È solo colpa del freddo? Per capirlo, bisogna specificare quale ruolo ricopre l’apparato muco-ciliare delle alte vie respiratorie. “All’interno del nostro naso e della nostra gola è presente una barriera costituita da cellule che producono muco e cellule che utilizzano delle ciglia (il sistema muco-ciliare) per intrappolare i microrganismi provenienti dall’esterno e spazzarli verso lo stomaco. L’acidità gastrica distrugge così virus e batteri, proteggendo adulti e bambini dalle infezioni delle alte vie respiratorie. Durante l’inverno, però, complici gli sbalzi di temperatura tra il freddo esterno e l’ambiente riscaldato presente all’interno di case ed edifici, il sistema muco-ciliare non funziona correttamente, virus e batteri riescono a proliferare liberamente all’interno di naso e gola, fino a causare l’irritazione delle vie respiratorie”. Lo spiega il Dottor Paolo Petrone, Dirigente medico ORL – Ospedale CTO, Bari interpellato dalla piattaforma web Alfasigma (che distribuisce NeoBorocillina). A causa degli sbalzi di temperatura, l’organismo umano non riesce ad adeguarsi in maniera tempestiva. Questo può favorire, soprattutto in bambini, anziani e persone affette da severe patologie cliniche, l’insorgenza di malattie che colpiscono l’apparato respiratorio. Il passaggio da un ambiente caldo a uno freddo avviene quando si passa da un ambiente interno dove i riscaldamenti sono troppo alti (riscaldamenti che, tra le altre cose, riducono la percentuale di umidità nella stanza) all’ambiente esterno. Cercare di ridurre la differenza tra la temperatura esterna e la temperatura negli ambienti interni- spiega lo specialista- è il primo accorgimento per limitare l’effetto del freddo sul mal di gola. Quali sono altri principali rimedi che possiamo attuare? “Non solo le differenze di temperatura, anche l’umidità gioca un ruolo importante: d’inverno l’aria tende ad essere più secca, specialmente all’interno delle case. E, dal momento che le nostre cellule sono principalmente composte da acqua, anche l’aria secca e la disidratazione provocano un’alterazione del normale funzionamento del sistema mucociliare, compromettendo così i meccanismi di difesa presenti nelle nostre alte vie aeree. A questo si aggiunge che durante l’inverno aumenta il contatto ravvicinato in luoghi di aggregazione come scuole, centri per l’infanzia, ambienti lavorativi. Tutti questi aspetti favoriscono la diffusione dei germi per via aerea e l’infiammazione della gola, aumentando così il rischio di infezioni. È interessante però osservare come piccoli accorgimenti possono aiutare a ridurre questo rischio. Areare gli ambienti domestici e di lavoro, prestare attenzione agli sbalzi di temperatura corporei, umidificare gli ambienti interni, bere tanta acqua, ridurre l’esposizione a sostanze irritanti (come fumo di tabacco, inquinamento atmosferico o allergeni) sono rimedi tanto semplici quanto naturali che possono aiutare a prevenire infezioni ricorrenti a carico della gola. Rimedi che in sé non hanno nulla di farmacologico, nessun effetto collaterale e che dovrebbero essere il primo passo che ognuno di noi dovrebbe attuare per prevenire i mal di gola tipici della stagione invernale”.  

Giuseppe De Martino

By Editore

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