( testimonianza sul terremoto in Irpinia del 1980)
E’ freschissimo il ricordo di mio padre quando comincia a raccontarmi della traumatica esperienza vissuta il 23 Novembre 1980, quando il terremoto dell’Irpinia colpì Campania e Basilicata.
Il sisma colpì una vasta area tra le province di Salerno e Potenza, causando all’incirca 3000 vittime, 9000 feriti e 280mila sfollati.
“Era domenica, ho citofonato a casa chiedendo a mio padre se avessi potuto ritirarmi più tardi ma me lo vietò; sono salito a casa e, appena varcata la soglia della porta, ho visto il lampadario del soggiorno oscillare.”
Quella del 23 Novembre 1980, fu una scossa talmente forte, che fu avvertita da mezza Italia. Con una magnitudo Richter di 6.9, il terremoto colpì in particolare le province di Avellino e Salerno, arrecando danni significativi a Napoli e a tutte le province campane, così come a quelle della Basilicata, ai paesi di Laviano, Lioni, Sant’Angelo dei Lombardi e alla provincia di Foggia in Puglia.
“Tutto oscillava, il palazzo si muoveva in su e giù, destra e sinistra; mio padre capì subito che si trattava di un terremoto e urlò a me e ai miei fratelli di scappare immediatamente. Abbiamo aperto la porta e, trovandoci al terzo piano, abbiamo sceso le scale quattro gradini alla volta.”
La combinazione letale, che rese il terremoto terrificante, fu il suo carattere ondulatorio e sussultorio.
Un movimento “sussultorio” è uno scuotimento che avviene in senso verticale, dal basso verso l’alto, che dunque provoca la vibrazione del terreno.
Un movimento “ondulatorio”, invece, è un movimento prevalentemente orizzontale che provoca l’oscillazione di oggetti e case, dando dunque l’impressione di trovarsi su una barca col mare mosso.
“Non siamo rientrati in casa per qualche mese; prima siamo andati in macchina a casa di amici per una notte o due, poi siamo partiti per la nostra casa in Toscana e siamo restati lì fino alla fine dell’allarme.”
Una scossa, di quasi un minuto e mezzo, che ha segnato irrimediabilmente la vita di coloro che l’hanno vissuta e che ne hanno risentito nei mesi successivi.
Oltre alle vittime che questo terremoto ha portato con sé, si è aggiunta alla situazione catastrofica un’intollerabile lentezza del processo di ricostruzione dei palazzi e case cadute.
Quest’ultima ha comportato delle condizioni di vita pessime per gli sfollati, che dopo aver visto crollare le proprie dimore, si sono dovuti accampare per le strade, affrontando il gelo e la neve dei mesi invernali.
“Sono stati solo sessanta secondi, ma in quel momento mi son sembrati gli attimi di terrore più lunghi della mia vita. Ho vissuto i mesi seguenti spaventandomi per ogni minimo rumore o movimento, specialmente di notte.
Di notte, era impossibile dormire.”
Annarita Baragli
Chiara Chirico 
Redazione Comete
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